To start and to get you in the mood and I want to see you dance lol!, I put a pretty song Cassiya (Mauritius, It is one of the most popular groups of Mauritius and Reunion), several of you have loved (like me) then this is another song. I hope you all good and all and I wish you a wonderful week and welcome to my message of today, we continue with Patagonia (3 / 4) with pictures and history. Following my post I let you discover. Thank you so much for your visits and kind comments, the blogosphere is a beautiful family, I had meetings both beautiful virtual than real, what happiness to know you and share with you pictures, different topics, recipes , jokes etc … and thank you for the beautiful gifts, beautiful cards I received from friends and with no blog blog. Thank you for everything. Native fauna of the region. It is common to see pass near roads or paths. A small head, large eyes, a thick fur with long red hair and white belly are the characteristics of the first Guanaco. It measures about 1 meter 10 at the withers and can reach 100 kg for males. The guanaco is a wild camelid present in South America. Related to the llama has not been domesticated, unlike the latter. Rarely amount to more than 3000 meters, it is found in Peru's southern Tierra del Fuego, now it is more common in Patagonia where he lives in small groups of about twenty people led by a dominant male . The main natural predators of the puma and guanaco are for young animals, the condor. But the man exterminating these animals for their fur quality is the most formidable enemy. The Patagonian hare or mara (Dolichotis patagonum), sometimes called the pampas hare is a rodent of the family Caviidae (like guinea pigs), although its appearance resembles that of the hare. The Patagonian hare or mara (Dolichotus patagonum), is one of the few remaining mammals all his life in monogamous. One partner watches for danger, while the other eats. Couples rarely interact, but they have one common to all terrier pups, fed daily by their respective parents. KG 491 gas cooktop has professional quality that can satisfy the most demanding kitchen chef in the kitchen more sophisticated. Gaggenau appliances Match Vario 400 series, this kitchen has floor and largely closed surface of the three parts of a solid support cast mold to allow easy movement of pots and pans and particularly easy cleaning. The new, powerful, gas stove 90 cm wide, rugged stainless steel Gaggenau offers everything that makes cooking a breeze literal Agripicante soup: the best soup I have eaten agripicante Tin Jo is, but this cut is put on two hits and not have to pay so much to eat, or make reservations, or anything like that. Furthermore, this portion is much larger. They also have a variety of drinks which we tested Chinese iced tea (no sugar such as those sold here) and a coke plant that tasted glory. Tagged with city area, rice to the wok, the California neighborhood, drink Chinese pork gyosas has kau, the detestable, roll and chocolate rice pudding, soup agripicante, tin jo, wok ring gas Every good fan of Star Trek certainly enjoyed the epic battle, destroyer vs. submarine type of World War II, between the Enterprise and Reliant in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Thus, the struggle was well made, very good effects, and the heroes of the Fleet defeated the bad guys … with a very sensitive low for the Enterprise. So far so safely. However, there is an astronomical nature detail stands out: the nebulae are very large objects and the film gives the impression that it is, as we say in Venezuela, "mismito there." It is worth adding that the Enterprise and Reliant entering and leaving the field of Mutara nebula as if it were a planet … moving at speed boost (much less than the speed of light). Even if you were moving to a warp factor would take some time exploring it. It is clear that being a movie, the duration of the battle is to stick to the average time a feature film, and not always considered such details of "realism" or "reality", if the reader prefers. This is not only problem with this film, but most of those that show about science fiction and astronomy. To discuss nebula is necessary to consider first what is the interstellar medium, ie the area between the stars that is occupied by the gas and dust between them. The interstellar gas, as far as is known, is composed primarily of hydrogen (the most simple and abundant in the universe), such gas clouds tend to agglomerate and found that the gas in different places, contains neutral atoms, atoms ionized molecules and free electrons, is also known that there are areas where the gas is warmer. The gas is very tenuous, therefore, that the separation between the atoms that form it is in the order of 100 million times the size of the atoms themselves. Despite the high gas separation is capable of forming stars!. Moreover, the dust is low. It is estimated that a particle of dust in every million cubic meters! The powder is a mixture of elements that can be found in common substances (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen), silicates, graphite and metals such as iron, even organic compounds were detected. In the interstellar dust material is approximately 1% …. Still, it is capable of interfering with the light emitted by distant suns, and their study is key to understanding the mechanism of star birth. That said, we can then define what a nebula, a cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen), dust, and other gases are ionized in the interstellar medium of galaxies. As for their appearance, most of the nebulae show irregular shapes, with the exception of planetary nebulae, which resemble a sort of ring around a white dwarf star, as seen from Earth. In ancient nature of the nebulae was confusing, which is evident in the way these objects were classified as "faint stars." Around the year 150 AD, in his monumental opus The Almagest, the Egyptian astronomer Claudius Ptolemy lists 5 stars that appeared fuzzy. The Persian astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi made the first mention of the Andromeda nebula in 964 AD in his Book of Fixed Stars, highlighting it as a "small cloud". Similarly, the open cluster wrongly Omicron Velorum as "nebulous star". To be sure, these observers did not have telescopes, which is why we understand your confusion. It was not until the implementation of the telescope to the sky observations at the beginning of the 17th century, which began to diverge more such objects. The French astronomer Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc discovered the Orion Nebula in 1610 using this instrument. The Frenchman also Nicolas Louis de Lacaille drew up a catalog of nebulae between 1751 and 1753, which contained 42 of them. But perhaps the most famous is the catalog set up by the French astronomer Charles Messier between 1774 and 1781, with a total of 103 objects. Messier was a comet hunter seasoned, coming to find 13 of them. Frustrated by the confusion that diffuse objects with comets, the observer decided to create a catalog to avoid errors in subsequent discoveries. Thus, the collection included what is now called planetary nebulae, diffuse nebulae, galaxies, open clusters and globular clusters. Should be added that the catalog was not organized by location or type of object, and included only those aged between 90 degrees declination 36 degrees northern and southern declination, given the observation site from which it was developed (France). A mid 20th century found a set of 7 objects were included in the catalog, which were observed by Messier and his assistant Pierre Méchain, after it published the final version. The designation of "Messier objects" includes an M before the number that identifies, for example, M1 (Crab Nebula). The final total is 110. The English astronomer William Herschel and his sister Caroline, also made an important contribution: 3 catalogs with over 2,500 nebulae between 1786 and 1802. It was not until the application of spectroscopic analysis in astronomy in the mid-19th century, which might better understand the characteristics of the nebulae. Thus, by identifying absorption spectra, emission and continuous, we could distinguish star clusters, nebulae, and eventually discover that many of these objects were not diffuse nebulae, but "island-universes" (galaxies) located outside the Milky Way, our own galaxy. This undoubtedly had a profound effect on our understanding of the universe. The above images to illustrate the spectroscopic analysis. 1. The continuous spectrum results from the decomposition of light (eg an incandescent bulb). The colors correspond to all wavelengths within it. 2. When a full set of bright lines (emission lines) is emission wavelengths of some chemical elements in the gaseous state under high temperatures. Each element has its particular spectral signature. 3. If light is passed through a substance to pass through the prism, will only those wavelengths that are not absorbed by the substance and the absorption spectrum we get it (absorption lines). An item shows an absorption spectrum in the same lines that is capable of emitting. The classification of the nebulae may have small differences (at the discretion of those who do), but in general we can state the following:. This category has the molecular clouds, which are dense and cold. It looks like a very dark cloud that sometimes shows a halo of light around it, but in general, do not have a nearby star that will provide light. Are shown as areas where it seems there are "gaps" of matter (sort of holes), viewed with bright background nebulae. There are small dark nebulae called Bok globules, with matching star systems in formation. While these nebulae are not seen in visible wavelengths, they can be studied at infrared and radio waves. In fact, the detection of early stages of star formation has been made by telescopes operating at these wavelengths. Examples of dark nebulae are the Coal Sack in the constellation of the Southern Cross, Cabeza de Caballo, in the constellation of Orion, the Cone Nebula in the constellation Monoceros (the Unicorn). The Horsehead Nebula in the constellation of Orion. Credit: TARector (NOAO / AURA / NSF) and Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / AURA / NASA). This object type is subdivided into emission nebula and reflection. The first are the brightest they are inside stars in later stages of training, and as a result, emit enough radiation to make the nebula glow. As such stars are very hot, its proximity to the material in the cloud can make it hot and reaches 20,000 degrees Celsius. Emission nebulae are also called HII regions in which the element hydrogen is ionized. Just the ionization mechanism is responsible for visible light emission in the nebula. Examples in this category: Orion Nebula (M42) and Flame Nebula in the constellation of Orion, the Eagle, in the constellation Serpens, of La Laguna and the Trifid Nebula in the constellation of Sagittarius, The Tarantula (30 Doradus), located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (satellite galaxy of our Milky Way), just to name a few. On the other hand, reflection nebulae are those clouds of dust that simply reflect the light of nearby stars. To try to understand how this occurs is necessary to understand the mechanisms by which dust interacts with the light of the stars, which occurs in 2 ways: extinction and reddening. Extinction refers to the reduction of starlight passing through a cloud of dust, for as it passes the dispersed particles and take different paths to which it was originally. This results in reducing its intensity. It should be stressed that the wavelength of blue is the most widely dispersed and that is why the reflection nebulae show a blue hue. In the case of red dust particles absorb part of the light passing through the cloud, which is why the light of the stars appears to be just such a red wavelength which reaches our eyes. Something similar happens to sunlight when the sun king is near the horizon. Among the most notable reflection nebulae can be mentioned the nebula associated with the open cluster Pleiades in the constellation of the Bull, Head of the Witch, in the constellation Eridanus, the Trifid (part of it is also emission) in the constellation of Sagittarius. They are the result of the death of stars like the sun His appearance, seen through small telescopes, reminiscent of a planet, in fact, it was William Herschel (the discoverer of Uranus) who gave such a description and historical reasons they keep calling so. When a star reaches the kind referred to a certain stage in its existence, which becomes a red giant material ejected into space forming a cloud around it. The outer layers of the red giant are part of such material and during the subsequent expansion, the cloud will eventually dissipate into the interstellar medium. What survives of the star, after expansion, is what is called a white dwarf itself is shut down and become a truly stellar corpse. So small star, whose size is on the agenda of the Earth, we see through telescopes at the center of the nebula as a tiny white dot. Examples may include planetary nebulae M57, better known as the Ring Nebula in the constellation Lyra, the Eskimo Nebula in the constellation of Gemini, the Helix Nebula in the constellation of Aquarius, the Southern Ring , in the constellation Vela (part of the old Ship of Argo). As its name implies, are the result of a supernova event. The shock waves produced in such events, which can reach several hundreds of kilometers per second, they affect the interstellar medium compressed and heated. Thus, the interstellar material (less hot) glows when excited molecules. When viewing the spectrum are emission lines. These nebulae are classified as type remains type shell and crab remains. The first owes its name to the shield effect that produces the shock wave from the supernova by heating and stirring the interstellar material in its path. When viewing this type of remnant resembles a ring with the bright rim and the center dark. For their part, remnants or remains crab type, also called wind plerionesNebulosa press, remember the look of a stain. The interstellar material is filled with high energy electrons from the pulsar cast that has been the explosion of the supernova, and interact with the magnetic field there exists a process called radiation emitted by accelerated electrons sincrotrónRadiación in a magnetic field, emitting rays X, radio waves and visible light. Most famous of such remnants, the Crab Nebula, is that just their name originates. Examples of such nebulae are the Cygnus Loop, which is a remnant of the shell type, (part of the Veil Nebula) in the constellation Cygnus, the Crab, in the constellation of the Bull, Cassiopeia A, in the constellation of Cassiopeia , SN 1987A in the Tarantula Nebula, located inthe Large Magellanic Cloud. Resemble nebulae bright and splendid building enclosures or dark and ominous wells of extinction, why are, at once, clear examples of birth and death. They are as light and darkness that have been present in human thought as opposites and complements, as a reminder that we are born and die. Perhaps most important is to try to understand this life we frame in space-time and matter-energy, and realize the impermanence of our lives, but that we will enrich with knowledge … enduring legacy of countless human beings we preceded it.